Infrastructure as a Fundamental Dimension of Fulfilling the Rights of Students in Islamic Boarding Schools
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59373/kharisma.v5i1.148Keywords:
Students’ Rights, Islamic Boarding Schools, Infrastructure Standards, Child Protection Law, Educational WelfareAbstract
Islamic boarding schools (Pesantren), as fundamental Islamic educational institutions in Indonesian society, have full responsibility for the welfare of their students. However, discourse on students’ rights is often more focused on education and religious freedom, while the dimension of the right to safe, adequate, and healthy infrastructure is often neglected. This article aims to analyze the juridical-normative position of infrastructure as a fundamental element in the fulfillment of students’ basic rights. Using a normative legal approach, this study examines the relevant regulatory framework, including Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, Law No. 20 of 2003 on the National Education System, and Law No. 18 of 2019 on Islamic Boarding Schools. The analysis focuses on how the obligations of the state and Islamic boarding school administrators to provide a safe environment, as mandated by children’s rights to survival, growth, and development, inherently include the provision of infrastructure that meets safety, health, and appropriateness standards. The analysis shows that infrastructure is not merely a supporting facility, but rather a prerequisite for realizing the rights to education, health, and protection from physical and psychological violence. Failure to provide adequate infrastructure constitutes negligence that violates the fundamental rights of Islamic boarding school students. Therefore, this article recommends strengthening the state’s oversight mechanism for infrastructure standards in Islamic boarding schools, while not neglecting institutional autonomy, to ensure comprehensive protection of students’ rights and their fulfillment.
Downloads
References
Abas, Z., Tajudin, A., Nugroho, A., & Putra, H. R. (2025). Guardian of Faith: Comparative Insights of Teaching Islamic Theology in Indonesian and Malaysian Pesantren. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(2), 382–399. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v8i2.235
Abidin, Z., & Sirojuddin, A. (2024). Tradisi Pendidikan Pesantren dalam Mengembangkan Jiwa Kepemimpinan Profetik. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 5(1), 84–97. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v5i1.773
Aisyah, S., Ilmi, M. U., Rosyid, M. A., Wulandari, E., & Akhmad, F. (2022). Kiai Leadership Concept in The Scope of Pesantren Organizational Culture. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 3(1), 40–59. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v3i1.106
Akhmad, S. K. (2024). Preserving Tradition Amid Disruption: A Systematic Literature Review ( SLR ) of Pesantren Development in Indonesia. Santri, 5(2), 130–144. https://doi.org/10.35878/santri.v5i2.1396%20ISSN
Ali, L. O. B., & Musliem, M. A. (2024). Islamic Education Based on Local Wisdom in Facing Religious Radicalism in Baubau City Islamic Boarding Schools. Journal of Asian Wisdom and Islamic Behavior, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.59371/jawab.v2i2.84
Apologia, M. A., Mas’od, M. M., Masykuri, A., Hidayati, A., & Putra, V. E. P. (2024). Child-Friendly School Management: A Study of Ukhuwah Wathoniyah at Ma’arif Nahdlatul Ulama. Dirasah International Journal of Islamic Studies, 2(2), 106–119. https://doi.org/10.59373/drs.v2i2.28
Arif, M., Nasir, R., & Ma’arif, M. A. (2025). The Kitab Kuning Learning Model in the Development of Student Expertise in Pesantren-Based Higher Education. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 52–74. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v8i1.8
Arif, M., Zekkari, M., & Addawiyah, R. (2025). Enhancing Santriwati’s Islamic Literacy Through the LIT-CON Model of Women’s Fiqh Learning in Pesantren. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 6(4), 966–992. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i4.2216
Badrudin. (2022). The Role And Responsibility Of Pesantren In Facing Moral Degradation. Qalamuna, 14(2), 525–536. https://doi.org/10.37680/qalamuna.v14i2.3429
Baihaqi, M. R., Amaliyah, H., Awaliyah, Y. S., Khoerunnisa, S. P., & Laksono, B. A. (2023). Analisis Swot Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Upaya Mencegah Kekerasan Seksual Di Lingkungan Pesantren. Attaqwa: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, 19(2), 181–191. https://doi.org/10.54069/attaqwa.v19i2.591
Basha, S. H. (2024). Human Rights Education : Current Issues And Possible Solutions. Journal of AKCE, 2(2), 17–28.
Chaudhary, D., Mahamuni, R. R., Manjunathan, & S, V. (2024). HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. SALIHA PUBLICATIONS.
Ekaningsih, L. A. F., Salim, U., Djumahir, D., Indrawati, N. K., & Djakfar, M. (2022). Risk Management Based on Islamic Boarding School. IQTISHODUNA: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 11(2), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.54471/iqtishoduna.v11i2.1462
Fauzi, A., Dakir, D., Qodir, A., Fatchurahman, M., & Minarti, S. (2025). Influence of Satlogi Santri Values on Sufistic Leadership: Enhancing Service Quality and Productivity in Pesantren. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(4), 681–694. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v6i4.1950
Febiantoni, F., Kusdarini, E., Fathurrahman, A. M., Aziz, S. A., & Hanum, F. F. (2025). The implementation of child rights protection for santri at Al Munawwir Islamic Boarding School , Krapyak , Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kependidikan: Penelitian Inovasi Pembelajaran, 9(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v9i1.83786
Habibah, M. (2025). Strategy For International Recognition Of Pesantren -Based Islamic University Through Increasing Reputable Scientific Publications. At-Tarbiyat, 08(03), 614–626. https://doi.org/10.37758/jat.88i3.325
Hakim, L. (2023). Pesantren as the Identity of Islamic and Cultural Education in West Java. Al-Ishlah, 15(4), 4578–4586. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i4.3369
Hambali, S., Hardi, V. J., Yunisal, P., & Akbaruddin, A. (2025). Flashcard-based physical education: Enhancing students’ physical fitness through visual-motor learning cues. Child Education Journal, 7(2), 116–126. https://doi.org/10.33086/cej.v7i2.7322
Hamdanah, H., Baharun, H., Najiburrohman, N., Thohir, P. F. D. M., & Sanjani, M. A. F. (2025). The Role of Kiai Leadership and Service Quality in Shaping the Reputation of Pesantren. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(4), 695–709. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v6i4.1785
Hariadi, N., Sumardjoko, B., & Maryadi. (2024). Charismatic Leadership in Improving The Quality of Resources in Islamic Boarding School. Kharisma, 3(2), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.59373/kharisma.v3i2.42%20Charismatic
Hasyim, Y. (2022). The Dynamics Educational Model of Pesantren in the National Education System. Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.30651/ah.v8i1.12649
Isbah, M. F. (2020a). In the changing indonesian context: History and current developments. Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies, 8(1), 65–106.
Isbah, M. F. (2020b). Pesantren in the Changing Indonesian Context: History and Current Developments. QIJIS (Qudus International Journal of Islamic Studies), 8(1), 65–106. https://doi.org/10.21043/qijis.v8i1.5629
Iskandar, K. (2023). Pesantren Educational Institutions Amid the Currents of Global Change. Journal of Education and Religious Studies (JERS), 03(01), 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.57060/jers.v3i01.73
Juliana, J., Ar, M., & Saiful, S. (2026). Modern Islamic Boarding Schools as Pillars of Contemporary Islamic Education: A Historical Review and Curriculum at Dayah. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 7(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v7i1.2364
Khamid, A., Sutrisno, Hariyadi, R., & Zaman, B. (2023). Islamic boarding school , the transformation of Islamic education institution and its strategic role in global era. Attarbiyah: Journal of Islamic Culture and Education, 7(2), 125–138. https://doi.org/10.18326/attarbiyah.v7i2.
Khoirurrijal, M. F., Karim, A. R., Salik, M., & Zaini, A. (2023). Pesantren and the Human Development Index in Indonesia Post Law Number 18 of 2019. Santri, 4(1), 45–66. https://doi.org/10.35878/santri.v4i1.697
Kurniawan, A., Hidayah, N., & Sugiyat, S. (2023). Implementasi program mentoring dalam memperbaiki kualitas bacaan al qur’an di madrasah tsanawiyah al islam jamsaren surakarta. Attaqwa: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, 19(2), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.54069/attaqwa.v19i2.566
Kurniawan, I., Muslihah, E., Syarifudin, E., & Supardi. (2022). Kyai’s Leadership Model In Islamic Educational Institutions Pondok Pesantren: A Literature Study. Jurnal Ilmiah IJGIE, 3(2), 2.
Lundy, L., Murray, C., Smith, K., & Ward, C. (2024). Young children ’ s right to be heard on the quality of their education: Addressing potential misunderstandings in the context of early childhood education. Br Educ Res, (December 2023), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3968
Ma`arif, M. A., Rokhman, M., Fatikh, M. A., Kartiko, A., Ahmadi, A., & Hasan, M. S. (2025). Kiai’s Leadership Strategies in Strengthening Religious Moderation in Islamic Boarding Schools. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 13(1), 23–48. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v13i1.1168
Maimun, Hamdani, Listiana, H., & Lape, P. (2025). Pesantren as a Prototype of Education with a Deep Learning Approach. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 15(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.38073/jpi.v15i1.2373
Masuwd, M. A., Wasil, A., & Hidayatulloh, M. (2025). Islamic Boarding School Media as a Bridge of Communication for Multicultural Communities. Communicator: Journal of Communication, 2(1), 47–67. https://doi.org/10.59373/comm.v2i1.97
Mazele, O., & Amoah, C. (2021). The causes of poor infrastructure management and maintenance in South African municipalities. Property Management, 40(2), 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1108/PM-06-2021-0042
Miftahuddin, Aman, & Yuliantri, R. D. A. (2024). Islamic character education model: An in-depth analysis for Islamic boarding school. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 43(2), 370–380. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v43i2.66516
Mubarok, A. A. S. A. Al, Ahmadi, A. S., & Damanhuri. (2024). Inclusive Governance And The Rule Of Law : Human Rights Protection In The Post- Globalization Era In The Review Of The Hadith. Proceeding of International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity, 02(02), 174–184.
Muhith, A., Dwiyono, Y., Munawati, S., Mustofa, A., & Haryanto, S. (2023). Challenges of Islamic Boarding School Organizational Culture in The Millennial Generation and The Digital Era 4.0. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 6(3), 457–474. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v6i3.4231
Multazamy Rohmatulloh, D., Sudrajat, D., Asnaeni Am, S., Kunci, K., Digital, I., Pesantren, K., & Kebangkitan Islam Dan Kajian Ilmiah, P. (2022). Digital Innovation in Pesantren Education: Prediction To Welcome Global Islam Awakening. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 5(2), 2022.
Mumtaz, N. M., Muafiah, E., & Witro, D. (2024). Educational Policy Analysis: Examining Pesantren Policies and Their Implications on the Independence of Kyai and Pesantren in the Contemporary Era. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 21(2), 287–306. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.v21i2.9612%20Educational
Muntasir, M., Zulkarnaen, I., Aminullah, M., Hamdani, M., & Hidayat, B. (2025). Power Structures and Religious Legitimacy: The Influence of Dayah Ulama in the Politics of Aceh Analyzed using Powercube Theory. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 13(1), 437–462. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v13i1.1625
Murdianto. (2023). Balancing Traditional Values and Innovation in Pesantren Education in Lombok. Edukasi Islami, 12(4), 665–682. https://doi.org/10.30868/ei.v12i04.7519
Muzayana, I. (2024). Systematic Literature Review on the Implementation of the Pesantren Muadalah Certificate Policy in Indonesia. Kharisma, 3(2), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.59373/kharisma.v3i2.51%20Systematic
Nisa, D., & Purnomo, J. (2025). Modern Pesantren: Shaping Future Leaders Based on Islamic Values. Southeast Asian Journal of Islamic Education, 08(01), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.21093/sajie.v8i1.10124%20Modern
Nuha, M. U., & Atikoh, N. (2025). Eco-Pesantren Lirboyo: Kontribusi Pendidikan Islam terhadap Kesadaran Lingkungan dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. ICPIE: International Conference on Pesantren and Islamic Education, 01(01), 30–39.
Nuhrodin, & Dhina, M. A. (2021). Information Literacy for Santri in Islamic Boarding School ( Pesantren ). Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education (AJIE), 5(2), 216–226. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v5i2.191
Pratama, A. I. (2025). Integration of Pesantren Curriculum with Digital Technology: Challenges and Opportunities in Islamic Education. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Pesantren (3rd ICOP) 2025, 3rd ICOP(May), 1–8.
Purwanti, Andari, A., Ansori, M. A., & Hadinata, F. (2023). Dynamics Of Pesantren Formation : The Origins Of Pesantren And Institutional Growth. Journal of Social Research, 2(11), 4155–4163.
Ridwan, M., Jayadi, U., Hamonangan, S., Tanati, D., & Yoseph, J. (2025). Reconciliation of Human Rights, Positive Law, and Siyasah Syar’iyyah: An Innovative Approach to Addressing Human Rights Issues in the Contemporary Era. MILRev, 4(1), 463–487. https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v4i1.10433
Rofiq, A. (2025). Kiai as Socialization Agents: Shaping Santri Identity to Foster Tolerance in the Context of Diversity. Tafkir: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Education, 6(4), 1183–1198. https://doi.org/10.31538/tijie.v6i4.2894
Rohmadi, A., Rahmat, & Ardianto, A. (2024). Management of Facilities and Infrastructure in Improving the Quality of Learning. Journal of Education and Learning Innovation, 1(2), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.59373/jelin.v1i2.55
Sabarudin, Mubin, M. N., Maghfuri, A., Widodo, Muh. W. A., Mardeli, Syarnubi, & Ardi, S. (2024). Navigating Existence and Community Harmony: A Case Study of Pondok Pesantren in Muslim Minority Ende, Nusa Tenggara Timur. PEURADEUN, 12(3), 1335–1356. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i3.1152
Safi’I, A., Rifa’I, Muh. K., Suyitno, & Mu’alimin. (2022). Peaceful Culture Management and Diversity Santri. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECS), 14(02), 152–163.
Salim, N. A., Zaini, M., Wahib, A., Fauzi, I., & Asnawan, A. (2024). Fostering Moderate Character of Santri: Effective Hidden Curriculum Strategy in Islamic Boarding Schools. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 357–372. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v7i2.4676
Sarkowi, Aisyah, S., & Qosim, R. A. (2025). Symbolic Interaction of Kyai and Santri in The Perspective of Ethical Leadership Based on Religious Values. IJMURHICA, 8(3), 388–402.
Singh, A. (2023). Significance of Human Rights Education in Developing Nations. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), 5(6), 1–6.
Soleh, M. I. (2024). Transformation of Administration in Modern Islamic Boarding Schools ( Pondok Pesantren ) in Indonesia. Journal of Education and Religious Studies (JERS), 04(02), 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.57060/jers.v4i02.128
Suryana, Y., Kurniaty, Y., & Martha, A. E. (2023). A Model for Protecting the Right to Education for Child Labour. IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 30(2), 371–395. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol30.iss2.art7
Sutrisno, S., Azis, A., Setyawan, M. B., Dewi, D. A., Hidayah, Y., Hakiki, M., Hamid, M. A., & Fadli, R. (2025). Assessing students’ readiness for artificial intelligence-based project learning to strengthen local wisdom values in Indonesia. Cogent Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2025.2582948
Ummah, N., Asy`ari, H., & Arifin, M. Z. (2025). The Role of Islamic Boarding Schools in Shaping the Character of Santri. International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion (IJoASER), 8(1), 256–264.
UNESCO. (2022). WORLD PROGRAMME FOR HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION. 2022 United.
Utama, A. P., & Salim, H. (2024). Strategi Muhammadiyah Boarding School Klaten dalam Mengatasi Bullying di Kalangan Santri. Attadrib: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 7(2), 229–243. https://doi.org/10.54069/attadrib.v7i2.862
Zainal, S. (2022). The Impact of Anti-Violence Law on Changes in Santri Organization at Modern Islamic Boarding Schools ( Pesantren ). IDARAH, 6(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.47766/idarah.v6i1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dardiri Hasyim, Darsinah Fajarwati, Anniez Rachmawati musslifah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
